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      "body": "The Hawaiian Kingdom governed through laws published in Hawaiian and English.\n\nA measure had to be drafted, debated and enacted. Proofreaders searched for dropped words, wrong letters and punctuation that could change meaning.\n\nThe case described a radical and irreconcilable difference between the Hawaiian and English versions.\n\nWhere wording was obscure or the contradiction slight, the Hawaiian and English could be used to help explain one another.\n\nBefore either step, it must establish provenance: which language was drafted first, who translated it, what text the legislature enacted, which printing is authentic, and whether later amendment displaced the earlier form.\n\nThe Civil Code project expressly involved comparing Hawaiian and English versions and assimilating them as far as practicable.\n\nThe research edition of this story needs both layers: the usable code and the variants, drafts and decisions underneath it.\n\nLaws could originate through different drafting processes. The relevant question for any disputed provision is documentary: what happened to this text?\n\nWhen only one language is routinely produced, later researchers do not encounter two parallel witnesses.\n\nThe published 2025 version of Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes section 1-13 illustrates the gap. It recognizes English and Hawaiian as official languages. Yet when versions of a state law have a radical and irreconcilable difference, it says English controls. It also says Hawaiian is not required for public acts and transactions.\n\nA 2023 bill proposed Hawaiian priority when a law was originally drafted in Hawaiian, translated into English and not later amended or recodified in English. A 2026 Senate draft proposed giving priority to the language that best aligns with legislative intent as shown by history, context and purpose.\n\nOne emphasizes provenance: start with the original drafting language.\n\nLegislative systems can retain drafts and committee reports.\n\nScale does not merely distribute the archive; it distributes whatever quality controls the archive applied.\n\nThe durable technological lesson is narrower and stronger.",
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      "post": "What happens when two published versions of the same law disagree?\n\nThe Hawaiian Kingdom governed through Hawaiian and English texts. It required drafting, type composition, proofing, printing, distribution, codification, citation and a rule for conflict.\n\nWhen ambiguity or contradiction was slight, the two versions could explain one another.\n\nWhen institutions govern through multiple texts, they need provenance, skilled labor, parity, correction and an answer to the hardest question:\n\nWho has authority when the versions disagree?",
      "firstComment": "**First comment:** The full article separates Kingdom-era doctrine, later codification and current law. Direct reporter pages, code prefaces and printing records remain release gates; recent bills are proposals unless final enactment proves otherwise.\n\nThe Kingdom published law in Hawaiian and English. The system required translators, type, proofing, printing and distribution. Translation expanded access—and could alter legal meaning. 1856: *Hardy* confronts an irreconcilable difference. Hawaiian controls there; slight differences can illuminate each other. 1859: codifiers compare and assimilate versions. Every handoff can catch—or institutionalize—drift. Digital systems add OCR, Unicode, search and new errors. Current law is not identical to the Kingdom rule. **Authority architecture:** source · labor · compare · publish · correct · resolve.\n\nRead: https://hawaii-tech-week-project-record.vercel.apphttps://hawaii-tech-week-project-record.vercel.app/stories/c14-04"
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      "onscreen": "What changes when Hawaiʻi is put back into the technology story?"
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